This site is password protected

Enter the password to continue.

Incorrect password. Please try again.

Spoke Medical Logo
  • Home
  • About
  • Zephyr
  • Sales
  • Contact
  • Learn

INDEPENDENT RESEARCH

The Research

Acoustic comparison between the Zoellner sucker and the novel Zephyr variable sucker. Independent testing under controlled, clinically representative conditions.

Research Paper

Acoustic comparison between the Zoellner sucker and the novel Zephyr variable sucker

N Donnelly, C Lomax, A Spencer, R Waterhouse Stocks, P Axon

KEY FINDINGS

All differences statistically significant (p < 0.001)

Across all procedural phases and overall, the Zephyr generated substantially lower noise levels than the Zoellner sucker. Results based on 30 devices tested per group.

24.9dBA
Quieter Overall
93.4 vs 118.3 dBA (LAeq)
43.5dBA
Quieter at Insertion
Phase 1: 65.0 vs 108.5 dBA
10,000×
Greater Acoustic Energy
Zoellner vs Zephyr at Phase 1
16×
Perceptually Quieter
Up to 16-fold quieter perceived loudness

RESULTS BY PROCEDURAL PHASE

LAeq levels across defined procedural phases

LAeq (A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level) measured across three defined phases of the microsuction procedure, plus overall duration.

Largest Divergence
Phase 1 · Insertion
Sucker insertion into the ear canal
Zephyr 65.0 dBA
vs
Zoellner 108.5 dBA
43.5 dBA difference ≈ 10,000× greater acoustic energy from Zoellner
Phase 2 · Wax Occlusion
During wax occlusion of the sucker
Zephyr 46.9 dBA
vs
Zoellner 57.2 dBA
10.3 dBA difference
Phase 3 · Active Suction
Sucker-wax material interaction
Zephyr 95.2 dBA
vs
Zoellner 119.0 dBA
23.8 dBA difference
Overall Duration
Full procedure LAeq
Zephyr 93.4 dBA
vs
Zoellner 118.3 dBA
24.9 dBA difference
Peak Noise (LAmax)
Zephyr 114.1 dBA
22.8 dBA lower
Zoellner 136.9 dBA
Measurement Zephyr Zoellner Difference Significance
Phase 1 LAeq (Insertion) 65.0 dBA 108.5 dBA 43.5 dBA p < 0.001
Phase 2 LAeq (Wax Occlusion) 46.9 dBA 57.2 dBA 10.3 dBA p < 0.001
Phase 3 LAeq (Active Suction) 95.2 dBA 119.0 dBA 23.8 dBA p < 0.001
Overall LAeq 93.4 dBA 118.3 dBA 24.9 dBA p < 0.001
LAmax (Peak) 114.1 dBA 136.9 dBA 22.8 dBA p < 0.001

Statistical analysis: Welch t-tests. n = 30 per device group.

METHODOLOGY

Controlled, clinically representative conditions

Testing was conducted to ensure results reflect real-world patient exposure during microsuction procedures.

Test Environment

Hemi-anechoic chamber providing a controlled acoustic environment free from reflections and background noise.

Anatomical Model

3D-printed adult temporal bone with anatomically accurate pinna, ear canal, and eardrum geometry. Standardised 3D-printed soft-wax simulant positioned 5 mm from the eardrum.

Measurement

Brüel & Kjær Type 4182 probe microphone positioned 0.5 mm through an aperture in the eardrum replica — capturing near-field sound pressure levels representative of patient exposure.

Data Capture

1/32 ms time-averaged A-weighted sound pressure levels and 1/12-octave band spectra. LAeq analysed across defined procedural phases; LAmax over full duration.

Suction Source

Medical suction unit operated at a constant vacuum setting of 500 mmHg, located outside the chamber. Procedures performed by a qualified medical practitioner.

Sample Size

30 Zephyr and 30 Zoellner devices tested, each undergoing a complete measurement cycle. Statistical analysis via Welch t-tests.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

What the data means for clinical practice

1

Phase 1 is the critical moment

The largest divergence occurred during sucker insertion into the ear canal, where the Zoellner generated LAeq levels over 40 dB higher than the Zephyr — corresponding to approximately 10,000-fold greater acoustic energy. This is the moment that causes the most patient distress.

2

Wax interaction drives noise exposure

Large differences re-emerged in Phase 3 (active suction), suggesting that interactions between the sucker and wax material contribute disproportionately to overall noise exposure. The Zephyr's variable airflow control mitigates this.

3

Perceptually transformative

The Zephyr would be experienced as substantially quieter across all phases — up to 16-fold quieter — indicating measurable benefits for patient comfort and auditory risk reduction.

4

Variable airflow is the mechanism

Conventional suction devices operate without airflow modulation, offering no control over acoustic output. The Zephyr's variable airflow control allows continuous adjustment of suction and sound exposure — a fundamentally different approach.

CONTEXT

Why this research matters

Microsuction is the gold standard for cerumen removal, but noise generated during the procedure has been associated with serious adverse outcomes.

Documented Risks of Microsuction Noise

  • Noise-induced hearing loss
  • Tinnitus (new onset or exacerbation)
  • Vertigo
  • Patient discomfort and anxiety

Regulatory Context

  • ENT UK 2024 guidance identifies noise as a clinical risk during microsuction
  • Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005: hearing protection mandatory above 85 dBA
  • Traditional devices operate at 118+ dBA — well above the threshold

RELATED RESOURCES

Zephyr Acoustic Data

Full product data page with phase-by-phase breakdown

Clinical Evidence

Certifications, testing data, and clinical advisory

Surgical Suction: Noise & Precision

Why noise and control matter beyond ear wax removal

Noise in the Operating Theatre

The overlooked occupational hazard

Microsuction Noise Levels

Why noise matters during ear care and how decibel reductions translate to safety

ENT UK 2024 Guidelines

What the updated guidance means for clinical practice and equipment

Interested in Learning More?

Discover how Zephyr is redefining ear care with the first innovation in microsuction technology in over 60 years.

Contact Us
Spoke Medical White Logo Redefining Medical Innovation

Quick Links

Get Started with Zephyr Clinical Research Business Partnerships
info@spokemedical.com Spoke Medical
© 2026 Spoke Medical. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy Terms of Use